![]() Further improvements in freeze-drying technology allowed for the mass production of the vaccine at a commercial level. The creation of a heat stable, freeze-dried vaccine occurred in the 1950s. Interest in worldwide eradication (1950-1959) The success of health policies in controlling and eliminating smallpox by 1950s in many countries led some to believe that the world eradication of smallpox would be possible. It's important to note that the milder Variola Minor smallpox variant remained prevalent until the mid-20th century, as it often didn't warrant hospital visits or was misdiagnosed. Soon, the more deadly Variola Major smallpox variant steadily declined, and endemics were only brought on by travelers from countries that lacked control over smallpox outbreaks. For countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and some other European countries, outbreaks were quickly shut down by strong public health policies. Compulsory vaccinations were used throughout the beginning of the 20th century in a most of these countries, which led to the decline of smallpox. However, this method was not sufficient enough to enable widespread vaccination in tropical regions of the world, and thus was largely restricted to temperate countries. In addition to these benefits, it enabled mass production through the use of animals, and ensured long term viability at temperatures below freezing. This method involved the use of glycerol as a preservative and was significant for storage and transportation. The creation of a liquid vaccine stored in capillary tubes marked a major advancement for the smallpox vaccine. Because smallpox vaccination requires a live virus, it originally required a sample to be transferred from person-to-person or animal-to-person directly. Prior to new developments, transportation represented a major issue and hindered mass vaccinations. This was enabled by improvements in vaccine production and storage. Vaccine clinics were established throughout the city and within less than a month, 6,350,000 residents were vaccinated. Israel Weinstein announced to the residents of New York the need to get vaccinated. In 1947, after a man traveled from Mexico to New York City and developed smallpox, Dr. ![]() Historic mass vaccinations Smallpox Early successes in eradication (prior to 1950) When this occurs, temporary clinics may be established around communities that can efficiently handle the many people within at once.Ĭhallenges of a mass vaccination effort include vaccine supply, logistics, storage, finding vaccinators and other necessary staff, vaccine safety and public outreach. But there are times when there is a need to vaccinate the population at large and provide easy access to the service. Under normal circumstances, vaccines are provided as part of an individual's medical care starting from birth and given as part of routine checkups. This policy may be directed during a pandemic, when there is a localized outbreak or scare of a disease for which a vaccine exists, or when a new vaccine is invented. Mass vaccination is a public policy effort to vaccinate a large number of people, possibly the entire population of the world or of a country or region, within a short period of time.
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